Dr. Saijai lorpensri, Mrs.Mallika Jongsiri, and Asst. Prof. Dr. Paikarn raksasutiphan
Abstract :
National Housing Authority is a state enterprise under the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. The roles and missions of NHA is building housing for low to middle-income people to strengthen stability and improve quality of life as well as support community and town development according to strategy 2, “create fairness and reduce social inequality”, under the national development strategy of the 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017 – 2021).
To achieve these missions, NHA has organized the “Competency Promotion Project for Local Administrative Organizations of Fiscal Year 2020 – 2021 under Housing Development and Slum Prevention / Solution Plan” to support relevant agencies, both at the provincial and local administrative organizations levels, and related parties to have knowledge, understanding, and experience in housing, community, and town development planning in accordance with the contexts of the areas and the housing demand of people under the integration between the related parties to increase the capacity for effective housing management planning through the participation process including of collecting data, meeting, learning, workshop, solving, and conclusion of best practices that are consistent with the contexts of the target areas.
This leaded to a housing, community, and town development of a pilot project in Angthong Province. From the practice of participants in the training project, it was found that the Baan Munkong Muang Mai Chai Mongkhon Housing Project in Muang Angthong District is the best solution established to solve the problem of land encroachment by private sectors, government agencies, such as the Royal Irrigation Department, and the land behind Sanam Chai Temple. The invasion of the riverside areas of Chao Phraya River and Lam Tha Daeng Canal has obstructed the Department of Public Works to build an embankment dam which has impeded the area development and caused flooding in Angthong Municipality areas. Therefore, it is necessary to move the people who invaded the riverside of Chao Phraya River and Lam Tha Daeng Canal from the area so that Angthong Municipality can build a dam to prevent flooding and improve the quality of life and living conditions of the residents.
Objectives :
1) To study the possibility of housing development projects for low to middle-income people that corresponds to the contexts and the actual situations in the area
2) To be an alternative solution to the housing problems of the target groups of low to middle-income and underprivileged people with the cooperation of government agencies
3) To study the concept of housing project development for low to middle-income people as an example in the preparation of the provincial housing development plan
Conceptual Framework :
The project implementation concept is in accordance with the goals to formulate housing development plans and provincial slum prevention / solution plans of which will be the guidelines for housing management for people as well as to create the integrated provincial housing management. The project implementation process is as follows:
Step 1: Basic information of the study area
– Study general information and the development contexts of housing, communities, and towns
– Study and analyze basic information, situations, and overall problems of Angthong Province
– Study problems, limitations, and requirements of the Angthong Province as well as other information necessary for housing, community, and town development planning
Step 2: Orientation / preparation meeting of Provincial Housing Development Policy and Plan Driving Team, government representatives, private sectors, communities, and related parties
– Learning issue of “Basic knowledge of urban and housing development”
– Workshop 1: Determine vision, objectives, goals, and ideas for the development of the study areas and propose 2 pilot project areas / pilot project selection criteria
– Learning issues of “Elements of housing development plan”, “Analysis of housing situations”, and “Guidelines for housing demand estimation”
– Workshop 2: “Housing development planning techniques” and Drafting housing development strategic plans to select pilot project areas
Step 3: Meeting for presentation / public hearing (Draft) housing, community, and town development strategic plan
Step 4: : Orientation / preparation meeting of Provincial Housing Development Policy and Plan Driving Team, government representatives, private sectors, communities, and related parties
– Learning issues of “Techniques in design, problem-solving plan and housing development” and “Concept of housing development planning and urban development, urban planning design Management of housing, communities, cities, environment, and public utilities”
-Workshop 3:
1) Action plan for housing, community, and town solutions / development projects
2) Action Plan for housing solution / Angthong Province development projects
3) Pilot projects
Step 5: Meeting for conclusion / delivery of the housing, community, and town development strategic plan
Step 6: Organize an exhibition by Provincial Housing Development Policy and Plan Driving Team, government representatives, private sectors, communities, and related parties
Process / Methodology :
1) Prepare basic information of the study area / the development contexts of housing, communities, and towns / the overall problems, limitations, and requirements of target areas at provincial level
2) Meeting of low to middle-income people, housing demand surveying for the Angthong Province / meeting with relevant agencies, such as Provincial Social Development and Human security of Angthong Province, Provincial Community Development Office, Provincial Public Health Office, Provincial Treasury Office of Angthong Province, Angthong Municipality, and National Housing Authority
3) Study of relevant laws and regulations / physical site survey and area potential analysis / relevant information in the area / the concept of standardized housing project development for low-income people in other provinces / as well as the techniques in design necessary for housing, community, and town development planning
4) Workshop to analyze vision, objectives, goals, and ideas for the development of the study areas / drafting housing development strategic plans / selecting pilot project areas
5) Workshop to determine the development guidelines in accordance with the contexts and create a model for the integration of housing management of the relevant sectors
6) Preparation of development plans and project implementation / project planning design / project feasibility study / budgeting
7) Meeting for conclusion / delivery of the housing, community, and town development strategic plan / organize an exhibition
Techniques and Materials :
Result / Conclusion :
The possibility of housing development projects is Baan Munkong Housing Project of Muang Mai Chai Mongkhon Community in Muang Angthong District. It has an area of 1 rai 3 ngan 42 square wa / 2,980 square meters. The project plan has been designed to be 2-storey row houses on 56 plots at size of 4 x 12 meters = 48 square meters per plot which is the minimal space to maintain a good environment and health.
The area has been divided as follows:
1) 84.1 % of housing areas and facilities
2) 6.8 % of green areas
3) 16.7 % of common areas (road + garden)
The project budget is 82,317,324 baht of:
1) Land development & Infra structure 17,324,000 baht
2) Housing Construction 77,100,000 baht
3) Public Building Construction 3,600,000 baht
4) Landscape 1,600,000 baht
5) Remark: Land Rental not include
Source of funds:
1) The National Housing Authority
2) Private Sectors (CSR)
Responsible agency: Kheha Suk Pracha Public Limited Company, National Housing Authority
This project will be extended from the former Baan Munkong Project in the vacant space beside the community which belongs to Angthong Municipality due to the housing problems of invasion of public land and increasing housing demand from the extended family of the former community (see Figure 1-5).
The concept of this housing project development is the same as the Baan Mungkong Housing Project which allows the community to own the project and the government agencies support the budget and work processes. The main principles are joint management by using the community cooperative as the main mechanism from the land lease from Angthong Municipality and administration of the budget received from the government, credit distribution from CODI to members, internal credit management, construction management, and community development after the construction is completed. From previous experiences, this will possibly be a solution to the housing problems for low-income earners and a successful model to develop sustainable good quality of life and housing security.
References :
Community Organizations Development Institute (CODI), (2022). Residential Development along Prem Prachakorn Canal, Bangkok. https://web.codi.or.th/development_project/20190321-126/
DeFilippis, J., & Fisher, R. (2012). The Community Development Reader. Routledge.
Hogan, J. P., & Warren, R. G. (n.d.). Community Development: A Manual. n.p.
Johnson, M. L., & Garcia, R. S. (2020). Empowering Communities through Collaborative Housing Development. Cambridge University Press
National Housing Authority, (2021). Competency Promotion Project for Local Administrative Organizations under Housing Development and Slum Prevention / Solution Plan Fiscal Year 2020 – 2021.
Smith, J. K., & Brown, A. B. (2018). Participatory Action Research in Low-Income Housing Development. Oxford University Press.
